Modular Arithmetic

TLDR

When we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following:

Sometimes, we are only interested in what the remainder is when we divide A by B. For these cases there is an operator called the modulo operator (abbreviated as mod).

Using the same A, B, Q, and R as above, we would have: A mod B = R.

Visualize modulus with clocks

Increasing by divisor

Congruence Modulo