constant and immutable

Use constant and immutable variables for variable that don't change

• Using the constant and the immutable keywords for variables that do not change helps to save on gas used.

• The reason been that constant and immutable variables do not occupy a storage slot when compiled. They are saved inside the contract byte code.

//SPDX-License-Identifier:MITs
pragma solidity ^0.8.3;

interface IERC20 {    
function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);    
function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);    
function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);   
//rest of the interface code
}

//Gas used: 187302
contract Expensive {

   IERC20 public token;
   uint256 public timeStamp = 566777;

   constructor(address token_address) {
       token = IERC20();
   }
}

//Gas used: 142890
contract GasSaver {
   IERC20 public immutable i_token;
   uint256 public constant TIMESTAMP = 566777;

   constructor(address token_address) {
       i_token = IERC20(token_address);
   }
}

• https://blog.soliditylang.org/2020/05/13/immutable-keyword/

Summary

    IERC20 public immutable token; 

• For constant variables, the value has to be fixed at compile-time,

• For immutable, it can still be assigned at construction time.

• immutable is one of the easiest gas optimizations that can be made, and at the same time very effective.